References

AH - Andrew Horwood. Newfoundland ships and men. Macy's Pub., St. John's, Nfld., 1971
AG - Allen Geare. Ebeneezer, or a Monument of Thankfulness, a voyage from Plymouth to Newfoundland. London, 1708
BA2 - British American Navigator: A sailing directory for the Island and Banks of Newfoundland etc. 2nd Edition 1847.
BA76 - Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science p.146; Osborne Reynolds "On the Steering of Screw-Steamers".
BL - Basil Lubbock. The Arctic Whalers. Brown, son and Ferguson, Glasgow. 1937
CGH - Clifford Grant Head. Eighteenth Century Newfoundland. McClelland and Stewart, Toronto, 1976
CSCB - Carbonear Star and Conception Bay Journal continued by the Star and Conception Bay Journal. Carbonear, Nfld., 1833.
DML - David Moore Lindsay. A Voyage to the Arctic in the Whaler Aurora. Estes & company, Boston, 1911.
DN - Daily News, St. John's, Nfld., 1894.
DWP - Daniel Woodley Prowse. A History of Newfoundland from the English, Colonial and Foreign Records. Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1896.
EW -  E.Wilson: With the Harmony to Labrador. (essentially from the Periodical Accounts of the Moravian Church and a revision of the 1877 Brief Accounts of the Missionary Ships employed in the Service of the Mission In Labrador). 1975
FDR - Dr.Harry D.Roberts. The Newfoundland Fish Boxes, a chronicle of the fishery. Brunswick Press, Fredericton, N.B., 1982.
Fgmm - Frank Galgay & Michael McCarthy. Shipwrecks of Newfoundland and Labrador, Vol 1. Harry Cuff, St. John's, Nfld, 1987.
FGMM - Frank Galgay & Michael McCarthy. Shipwrecks of Newfoundland and Labrador, Vol 2. Creative Publishers, St. John's, Nfld, 1990.
FS - Frank Saunders. Sailing Vessels and Crews of Carbonear. Robinson-Blackmore, St. John's, Nfld., 1981.
GF - Garfield Fizzard. Unto the sea: a history of Grand Bank. Grand Bank Heritage Society, Grand Bank, Nfld., 1987
GR - George Robinson. A report on the movements of the ice, currents and tidal streams of the coast of Newfoundland and in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Hydrographic Office, London, 1889.
GW - George Whiteley. Northern seas, hardy sailors. Norton, New York, 1982
HGS - Harbour Grace Standard. Harbour Grace, Nfld., 1859.
IIP59 - International Ice Patrol Bulletin #59, Season of 1973, Appendix A IIP'82 International Ice Patrol Bulletin, Season of 1982.
JEC - James E. Candow. Of men and seals: a history of the Newfoundland seal hunt. Environment Canada, Ottawa, 1989.
JF - John Feltham: Northeast from Baccalieu. H. Cuff, St. John's, Nfld., 1990.
JH - J. Hennessy, Marine Observer, Vol. 9, 1932, pp 76-80
JH1 - J. Hennessy, Marine Observer, Vol. 12, 1934, pp 71-73
JMB - John Malcolm Brinnin, 1971: The Sway of the grand saloon; a social history of the North Atlantic. Delacorte Press, New York, 1971.
JPA - J.P.Andrieux - Marine disasters of Newfoundland and Labrador. O.T.C. Press, St. John's, Nfld., 1986.
JPN - John P. Newell. The climate of the Labrador Sea in the spring and summer of 1816, and comparisons with modern analogues. International workshop on the Year without a Summer. Climate in 1816. Ottawa, 1988.
JY - The Journal of James Yonge, 1647-1721, Plymouth Surgeon, ed. by F.N.L. Poynter, Longmans, London, 1963.
LL - Lloyd's List, London, 1741.
LM - Lord (John Charles Bigham) Mersey. Loss of the SS "Titanic"; report of a formal investigation. H.M.S.O., London, 1912.
M - Meinardus, W. Über Schwankungen der nordatlantischen Zirkulation und damit zusammenhängende Erscheinungen. Meteorol. 22, 398-412, 1905.
M9 - John Purdy. Memoir, descriptive and explanatory to accompany the charts of the Northern Atlantic Ocean.. 9th ed., London, 1845
M11 - John Purdy. Memoir, descriptive and explanatory, of the Northern Atlantic Ocean, 11th ed., London, 1861
MMR - Mitchell's Maritime Register. London, 1856.
MPSG - Morning Post and Shipping Gazette, St. John's, Nfld., 1843.
MWR - Monthly Weather Review. United States War Office, 1872.
Newf - Newfoundlander. St. John's, Nfld., 1827.
NMJ - Newfoundland Mercantile Journal, St. John's, Nfld., 1814.
NW - Naboth Winsor. Stalwart Men and Strong Ships. Economy Printing Ltd., Gander, Nfld., 1985.
NYMR - New York Maritime Register. New York, 1869.
PL - Public Ledger and Newfoundland General Advertiser continued by Public Ledger, St. John's, Nfld., 1823.
PR - Polar Record, Vol. 19, No 121, 1979, p 343-362. "Shipping Losses caused by ice, 1890 " 1977.
RDB - Robert D. Ballard. The Discovery of the Titanic. Warner Books, New York, 1987.
RG - Royal Gazette and Newfoundland Advertiser. St. John's, Nfld., 1807.
SCL - Shipping and Commercial List continued by New York Shipping and Commercial List continued by Turner's New York Shipping and Commercial List. New York, 1815.
SMG - Shipping and Mercantile Gazette. London, 1838.
SR - Shannon Ryan. Seals and sealers: a pictorial history of the Newfoundland seal fishery. Breakwater Books, St. John's, 1987.
TGCG - Times and General Commercial Gazette. St. John's, Nfld., 1832.
WCW - Wyn Craig Wade: The Titanic: end of a dream. Rawson Wade, New York, 1979.
WCR - W.C. Redfield. Ice in the North Atlantic. Memoir of the dangers and ice of the North Atlantic Ocean. Dept. of Navy, p. 12-19, Washington, D.C., 1868
WCRM - W.C. Redfield. On the drift ice and currents of the North Atlantic. The American Journal of Science and Arts. 48, 1845 pp 373-388.
#93 - H. Rodman. Report of ice and ice movements in the North Atlantic Ocean. U.S. Hydrographic Office Publ. #93, 26p., 1890.

The following refer to manuscripts and papers held by the Provincial Archives of Newfoundland and Labrador:

#229 MG229 Moss Diary, Battle Harbour, Labrador. A diary from February 9 to September 7, 1832.
#231 MG231 Edward Burd, Edinburgh Merchant. Journal of a voyage from Leith, Scotland to Newfoundland.
#236 MG236 Slade-Kelson Diary, Trinity, Newfoundland. A diary from December 1831 to January 1839.
#253 MG253 Sir Joseph Banks. Journal of voyage to Newfoundland and Labrador, April - November, 1766.
#400 MG400 H.V.Stabb, St. John's, Newfoundland. Diary re: account of schooner "Mary" along the N.E. coast and Labrador, 1881.
#475 MG475 William Sweetland, magistrate, Bonavista, Newfoundland. Diary 1838 - 1839
#478 MG478 Thomas Gaylor, Bonavista, Newfoundland. Occurrence book 1827 - 1829.
#488 MG488 S.S. "Greenland". Log book, sealing voyages, 1898 - 1899, 1906.
#489 MG489 S.S. "Labrador". Seal fishery logbook, March 10, 1906.
#491 MG491 Ashbourne @ Co., Twillingate, Newfoundland.
#494 MG494 Schooner "Lila D. Young". Logbook - voyage St. John's to Labrador, 1916.
#492 MG492 Twillingate Diary, Newfoundland, ca 1859 - 1862, 1863 - 1865, 1864 - 1866, 1866 - 1868, 1873 - 1876.
#509 MG509 Twillingate Diary, Newfoundland, ca 1880 - 1886.
#511 MG511 Harbour Grace, Newfoundland. Sealing and shipping records, 1831 - 1918.
#548 MG548 R.M.S. "Nerissa", Red Cross Line. Deck log of voyages, etc., St. John's Newfoundland, Halifax Nova Scotia, and New York, January - August 1928.
#564 MG564 S.S. "Thorsberg". Log book, voyages to Europe, USA and Newfoundland, 1920 - 1921.
#575 MG575 Allan Line. Logbook, sailing voyages between Scotland and Quebec, 1829 -1847.
#704 MG704 George W Mews, St. John's, Newfoundland. Diary and shipping news, 1865 - 1870.
#805 MG805 S.S. "Imogene". Log book, sealing voyages, March 8 - June 9, 1930; March - April 24, 1931.
#806 MG806 M.V. "Western Explorer". Log book, voyage on South Coast of Newfoundland, April 21 - May 18, 1953.
#837 MG837 Brig "Lizzie". Logbook, 1872; Sailing Directions, pub. 1873.
#866 MG866 Mac Lee Collection. Assorted material Harbour Grace and Conception Bay, Newfoundland, ca 1770 - 1965.
GB1 GB1 Government Docs. Admiralty logs, 1766 - 1847.
CO194 Colonial Office 194 Vol.59 1817.